This study explored the ethnobotanical uses of indigenous trees and other utilization of indigenous trees in Benue State of Nigeria, focusing on the Akweya, Tiv, and Igede communities in the Otukpo, Kwande, and Oju Local Government Areas, respectively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, snowball sampling design and focus group discussion. This study records the traditional knowledge and practices associated with tree species in three non-formally protected areas from 54 respondents. A total of 82 tree species from 70 genera and 42 families were identified. Among these, 40 species were utilized as medicinal to treat 48 human ailments, categorized into 12 distinct groups. The primary uses of the tree’s species include charcoal production, firewood, medicinal purposes, and construction of poles. Notably, Sixty-two percent and 62% of respondents indicated a preference for traditional medical services, indicating their continued cultural relevance. Wooden poles were the predominant building material in 98% of dwellings, and wild foods derived from these trees played a crucial role in ensuring food security, particularly during drought periods. Leaves and bark were the most frequently used plant parts in traditional medicine, while wood, branches, and entire plants served various other purposes. Despite the increasing scarcity of natural forests, local populations continue to rely heavily on these indigenous and exotic trees for their livelihoods. This study reveals the urgent need for sustainable management and conservation strategies to protect these valuable resources, ensuring their continued availability for rural communities. The findings provide a baseline for future research and conservation efforts aimed at preserving species richness and promoting sustainable use.