In order to understand the paramount factors influencing the decline and prospective extinction of wildlife species, information on morbidity and factors stimulating mortality of endangered species becomes imperative. In recent time, diseases have gained more recognition as one of the factors influencing decrease in population of wildlife species and extinction. A fragment of DNA fabricated from the mixture of any minimum of two strands is popularly known as recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA can be obtained due to the fact that all wildlife species have DNA molecules. These DNA molecules contain identical chemical structure, but their nucleotide arrangement is not homogenous, in as much as the total assemblage are the same. Therefore, this paper aims to give all-inclusive summary of the theoretical and experimental evidence provided in different literature to identify the tools of recombinant DNA technology, basics of recombinant DNA and the importance of rDNA coupled with their application in wildlife medicine. In game ranching, genetic engineering can be adopted to bring in desirable characteristics into genome of animals, because the genes have ability to resist communicable diseases and increase their value in terms of nutrition, quick growth, vaccine production, converting residues from game ranching into organic fertilizers to make foraging plants available at the lowest cost resulting to improved habitat management. In recombinant DNA technology, the common tools utilized in genetic engineering are; enzymes (with restriction enzymes inclusive), vectors and host organism. In terms of wildlife health advancement, recombinant DNA is currently performing a crucial function to promote the health conditions of wildlife species through the development of new vaccines and drugs, production of transgenic animals, prevention, control and diagnosis of diseases, improve wildlife habitat and decrease in ecological contamination. Subsequent research should be centered on the effectiveness of application of genetic engineering in recovery of extinct wildlife species.